Ukuthenga kungomunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu emisebenzini yezinkampani, futhi izindleko zayo zibalelwa ku-60% wokukhiqiza nokuthengisa.Ngaphansi komkhuba wokuthi izindleko zokuthengwa kwezitofu zokulungisa zesimanje zikhula kancane kancane njengoba ingxenye yezindleko eziphelele zebhizinisi, ibhizinisi libhekene nokuncintisana kwemakethe okushubile, futhi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza umkhiqizo uya ngokuya uba mfishane.
Ukuhlukahluka kwesidingo semakethe kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwamazinga obuchwepheshe bomkhiqizo kuyadangele.Ngaso leso sikhathi, izinkampani zishintsha kancane kancane zisuka ebuholini bezobuchwepheshe kanye nasekulawuleni izimakethe ziye ekuthengeni ukuze zinciphise izindleko futhi zandise inzuzo, ngaleyo ndlela zizisize ukuba zithole izinzuzo ezintsha.
Indlela yokwenza umsebenzi womnyango wokuthenga unikeze umnikelo obalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwebhizinisi?Ungayenza kanjani ukuthi isebenze kangcono emisebenzini ye-supply chain?Konke lokhu kuncike emisebenzini yangempela nephumelelayo yokuthenga yenkampani!
Njengomqondisi wokuthenga, umgomo wokuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo noma okokusebenza uwukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi ethembekile, ukuphepha okuqinile, ukulethwa kwesikhathi, kanye nesevisi endaweni, kuyilapho kunciphisa izindleko zokuthenga.Lena imisebenzi esemqoka yomnyango wokuthenga ukuze uqedele umgomo onikezwe inkampani.
Inqubo yokuphathwa kwezindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla kuhlanganisa izici ezine zokuphatha, okungukuthi ukuhlela izindleko, ukulawulwa kwezindleko, ukuhlaziya izindleko, nokubalwa kwezindleko kanye nokuhlola;isigaba sokuhlela singaqondiswa ukuze kunqunywe imithwalo yemfanelo yesikhundla ngasinye ekuthengeni, bese ngokugcizelela umgomo wesistimu Yokubophezela isikhundla, ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokunciphisa izindleko nezinye izindlela, ukwenza kahle kwezinye izici zokuphatha njengokulawula izindleko. , ukubalwa kwezindleko kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezindleko kuzothola imiphumela esobala.
Umqondisi wokuthengwa kwempahla osezingeni eliphezulu kufanele aqale ezicini eziningi ohlelweni lokuthenga.Isici esiyinhloko ukudala indawo yokuthengwa kwempahla ngokokwakhiwa kwesistimu kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhono lokuqhuba ibhizinisi lokuthenga kusukela ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, futhi uqhubeke nokwenza ngcono kusukela kulezi zici ezimbili ezibalulekile, nokwakhiwa kwesistimu Mayelana nokuziphatha kokuthengwa kwempahla, ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuphelele. amakhono ebhizinisi omnyango wokuthenga ukuze kuzuzwe izindleko eziphansi kunazo zonke zokuthenga.Ukulawulwa kwezindleko zokuthenga komqondisi wokuthenga okunezici eziningi kuqala kusukela ezicini ezinhlanu ezilandelayo ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokuthenga.
1. Nciphisa izindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla ngokusebenzisa amasu okuphatha ukuthengwa kwempahla
Ukuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla ngamasu kufanele kulinganisele ngokugcwele izinzuzo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zebhizinisi, kuthathe ukuthenga okuwinile njengenhloso yayo, futhi kugxile ekuthuthukisweni kobudlelwane obunesu besikhathi eside nabahlinzeki.Kuwuhlelo lokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla oluvumelana nokuthuthukiswa kwesimo somnotho esisha.
1. Ukuthenga akuyona nje inkinga yokuthengwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, kodwa futhi kufaka phakathi ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi, ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza kanye nezindaba zokuklama umkhiqizo.Ukwaneliseka kwezidingo zamakhasimende kanye nokuthandwayo kufanele kuzuzwe ngokubamba iqhaza kwendikimba eyinhloko yesixhumanisi ngasinye ochungechungeni lokuhlinzeka ukuze kufezeke ukuguqulwa kwezidingo zekhasimende kumklamo womkhiqizo.Ukufezekiswa kokuthandwa ngamakhasimende kuyisidingo sokuqala sokuqaliswa kwesu.Ngakho-ke, ukushintsha umqondo wokuthengwa kwempahla ojwayelekile kuyasiza ekusetshenzisweni ngempumelelo kwesu.
2. Umbono osuselwe ekuhlanganisweni kwamakhono asemqoka nezinto udinga inhlanganisela elungiselelwe yezinto phakathi kwabahlinzeki namakhasimende.Sungula umfelandawonye wamasu wesikhathi eside kunobudlelwano bokwenziwe.Ukusungula ubudlelwano obunjalo kudinga ukufaniswa kwamasu phakathi kwezinhlangothi zokuhlinzeka nezidingo.Ukuhlola nokuphatha kwabahlinzeki akusasekelwe kulokho okwenziwayo njengokuhamba phambili kokuqala, kodwa kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ingabe isu liyafaniswa yini.Khulisa isisindo emikhakheni yezamabhizinisi, isiko lebhizinisi, isu lebhizinisi kanye nezici zekhono.
3. Ukuthenga akusona isitolo esisodwa, futhi ukuhlaziya imakethe yokuhlinzeka kufanele kwenziwe.Lokhu kuhlaziya akumele kufake amanani entengo yomkhiqizo kuphela, ikhwalithi, njll., kodwa futhi nokuhlaziywa kwemboni yomkhiqizo, ngisho nokubikezela isimo somnotho omkhulu.Ukwengeza, kufanele senze isinqumo ngesu lomphakeli, ngoba ikhono lokuphatha lesu lomphakeli ngokungangabazeki lizogcina lithinte ukwethembeka kobudlelwano bokuthola impahla.Zonke lezi zindaba ziyingxenye yokuhlaziywa kwamasu.Kweqa uhlaka olujwayelekile lokuhlaziya ukuthengwa kwempahla (inani, ikhwalithi, njll.).
2. Yehlisa izindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla ngokubeka izinga elithile
Ukuma kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwamabhizinisi esimanje.Kuyisiqinisekiso esiyisisekelo sokusebenza okuvamile kwebhizinisi.Ikhuthaza ukulinganisa, ukumiswa, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza nokusebenza kwebhizinisi kanye nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuphatha.Kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sokulawula izindleko ngempumelelo.Enqubweni yokulawula izindleko, imisebenzi emine elandelayo yokumisa ibaluleke kakhulu.
1. Ukulinganisa ukuthengwa kwempahla.Isho ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zesayensi nezindlela zokulinganisa amanani amaningi kanye nekhwalithi emisebenzini yokuthenga, nokuhlinzeka ngedatha enembile yemisebenzi yokuthenga, ikakhulukazi ukulawulwa kwezindleko zokuthenga.Uma lingekho izinga elihlanganisiwe lokulinganisa, idatha eyisisekelo ayinembile, futhi idatha ayilinganisiwe, ngeke kwenzeke ukuthola ulwazi olunembile lwezindleko zokuthenga, ingasaphathwa eyokuyilawula.
2. Intengo yokuthenga isezingeni.Enqubweni yokuthenga ukulawulwa kwezindleko, amanani amabili okuqhathanisa ajwayelekile kufanele asungulwe.Enye intengo yokuthenga evamile, okungukuthi, intengo yemakethe noma intengo yomlando yemakethe yezinto ezingavuthiwe, eyenziwa ngokulingisa imakethe phakathi kweyunithi ngayinye yokubalwa kwezimali nebhizinisi;okwesibili inani lesabelomali sokuthengwa kwempahla yangaphakathi, esebhizinisini Inqubo yokuklama ibala inani elilinganiselwe lezinto zokusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezimfuneko zenzuzo yenkampani nezintengo zokuthengisa.Amazinga okuthenga kanye nezintengo zebhajethi zokuthenga ziyizidingo eziyisisekelo zokuthenga imisebenzi yokulawula izindleko.
3. Linganisa izinga lezinto ezithengiwe.Ikhwalithi ingumphefumulo womkhiqizo.Ngaphandle kwekhwalithi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izindleko ziphansi kangakanani, kuwukuchitha.Ukulawula izindleko zokuthenga ukulawula izindleko ngaphansi kwekhwalithi efanelekayo.Ngaphandle kwemibhalo ejwayelekile yekhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezithengiwe, akunakwenzeka ukuhlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo nezidingo zemisebenzi yokuthengwa kwempahla, ingasaphathwa yezindleko eziphezulu neziphansi zokuthenga.
4. Ukumiswa kwedatha yezindleko zokuthenga.Thuthukisa inqubo yokuqoqa idatha yezindleko zokuthenga, cacisa izibopho zomthumeli wedatha yezindleko kanye nomphathi we-akhawunti, qinisekisa ukuthi idatha yezindleko ihanjiswa ngesikhathi, ifakwe ku-akhawunti ngesikhathi, idatha kulula ukuyidlulisela, futhi ukwabelana ngolwazi qaphela;linganisa indlela yokubala izindleko zokuthenga futhi ucacise ukubalwa kwezindleko zokuthenga Indlela: Yakha ifomethi yeshadi lokubala lezindleko ezihlanganisiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imiphumela yokubalwa kwezindleko zokuthenga inembile.
Okwesithathu, ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla ezingeni lohlelo lokuthenga
1. Ukwenza ngcono ukuphathwa okuyisisekelo kokuthengwa kwempahla, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlelwa kwezinto ezithengiwe kanye nokusungulwa kwesizindalwazi;ukunqunywa kwamazinga okuhlola abahlinzeki abaqeqeshiwe, ukuhlukaniswa kwamazinga abahlinzeki kanye nokusungulwa kwedathabheyisi;ukuqinisekiswa kosayizi omncane weqoqo, umjikelezo wokuthengwa kwempahla, kanye nenani elijwayelekile lokupakisha lezinto ezihlukahlukene;Amasampula kanye nedatha yobuchwepheshe yezinto ezihlukahlukene ezithengiwe.
2. Uhlelo lokubhida kufanele lusungulwe ukuze kuthengwe ngobuningi.Inkampani yenza ngokusobala inqubo futhi imise inqubo yokubhida, ukuze ukubhida nokuthenga kunganciphisa izindleko zokuthenga, ikakhulukazi ukugwema isimo.Ibhidi yenziwe, futhi izindleko zizokhuphuka.
3. Ukubhaliswa kolwazi lokuthenga kanye nohlelo lwereferensi lusetshenziswa ekuthengeni ezindaweni ezihlukene.Ulwazi mayelana namagama omkhiqizo othengiwe, amanani, izimpawu zokuhweba, amanani, amagama omkhiqizi, izindawo zokuthenga, izinombolo zocingo kanye nolunye ulwazi kufanele kubhaliswe nomnyango wokuhlola wenkampani ukuze kusetshenziswe ireferensi.Inkampani ingathumela othile njengenkampani yangaphandle nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.Yenza ukuhlola izindawo.
4. Inqubo yokuthengwa kwempahla isetshenziswa ngendlela ehlukaniselwe abantu futhi ikhawulelana.Umnyango wezokuthenga unomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhetha okuyinhloko kwabahlinzeki-mpahla, iminyango yekhwalithi nobuchwepheshe ihlola amandla okuphakela abahlinzeki, futhi neziqu ziyanqunywa.Umnyango wezezimali unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqondisa nokulawula amanani, futhi inkokhelo yenziwa Ngokugunyazwa ngabaholi abakhulu benkampani.
5. Ukuqaphela ukuhlanganiswa kwemigudu yokuthengwa kwempahla ngokuhlanganisa izisebenzi zokuthengwa kwempahla, kucaciswe izinto zokuthengwa kwempahla umuntu ngamunye onesibopho sazo, futhi uhlobo olufanayo lwempahla kufanele luthengwe ngumuntu oyedwa nangomgudu ofanayo, ngaphandle uma Okuguquguqukayo komphakeli okuhleliwe.
6. Misa isivumelwano sokuthenga.Inkontileka yokuthenga ikubeka ngokusobala ukuthi umphakeli ngeke afumbathise abasebenzi benkampani ngendlela yokuncintisana okungafanele ngokudayisa imikhiqizo yayo, ngaphandle kwalokho inkokhelo izodonswa ngokulinganayo;inkontileka izophinde icacise isivumelwano ngesaphulelo sokuthenga.
7. Uhlelo lophenyo lokuthenga, ukusungula uhlelo lophenyo lokuthenga, ucacise ukuthi ubani ofanelekayo futhi ongaqedela imisebenzi yokuhlinzeka ngohlelo lokuthenga impahla eluhlaza ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu ezivela kubadayisi abangaba khona, futhi anqume ububanzi babahlinzeki.Itemu lobuchwepheshe lale nqubo libizwa nangokuthi isiqinisekiso sokufaneleka sabahlinzeki.Ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekuthengeni ukuphathwa kophenyo, manje sekudingekile ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele uhlelo lokuphatha ikhompiyutha futhi usebenzise inethiwekhi ukuze uphequlule ngokushesha futhi uthole ulwazi oludingekayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokuphathwa kophenyo kanye ukuthola imiphumela yophenyo.
8. Sungula ubudlelwano obuzinzile bokusebenzisana nabahlinzeki, abahlinzeki abazinzile banamandla aqinile okunikezela, ukubonakala kwentengo, ukubambisana kwesikhathi eside, banamalungiselelo athile abalulekile okunikezwa yinkampani, futhi bangaqinisekisa ikhwalithi, inani kanye nokulethwa kwempahla yabo Isikhathi, intengo. nokunye. , futhi asayine imifelandawonye yamasu nabo uma kunesidingo Isivumelwano sokusebenzisana nokunye.
4. Izindlela nezindlela zokunciphisa izindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla ezingeni lokuthenga
1. Yehlisa izindleko zokuthenga ngokukhetha imigomo yokukhokha.Uma inkampani inezimali ezanele, noma uma izinga lenzalo yasebhange liphansi, ingasebenzisa indlela yokusuka ukheshi iye endaweni, engase ivame ukuletha isaphulelo senani esikhulu, kodwa izoba nomthelela othile ekusebenzeni kwayo yonke inkampani. Inhloko yokusebenza.
2. Bamba isikhathi sokushintsha kwentengo.Izintengo zivame ukushintsha ngezinkathi zonyaka kanye nokunikezwa kwemakethe kanye nesidingo.Ngakho-ke, abathengi kufanele banake umthetho wokushintsha amanani futhi babambe isikhathi sokuthenga.
3. Iqukethe abahlinzeki ngokusebenzisa amabhidi ancintisanayo.Ukuze kuthengwe izinto eziyinqwaba, indlela esebenzayo iwukusebenzisa ukubhida ngokuncintisana, okuvame ukuphumela enanini eliphansi ngokuqhathanisa amanani phakathi kwabahlinzeki.Ngokukhetha nokuqhathanisa abahlinzeki abahlukene ukuze babambene, ukuze inkampani ibe sesimweni esivumayo ekuxoxisaneni.
4. Ukuthenga ngokuqondile kumkhiqizi.Uku-oda ngokuqondile kumkhiqizi kunganciphisa izixhumanisi ezimaphakathi kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokuthenga.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe zomkhiqizi kanye nensizakalo yokuthengisa emva kokuthengisa izoba ngcono.
5. Khetha abahlinzeki abathembekile futhi usayine nabo izinkontileka zesikhathi eside.Ukusebenzisana nabahlinzeki abathembekile nabathembekile akuqinisekisi kuphela ikhwalithi yokuhlinzekwa kanye nokulethwa ngesikhathi, kodwa futhi uthole inkokhelo ekhethwayo kanye nentengo.
6. Yenza ngokugcwele izinhlolovo kanye nokuqoqwa kolwazi lwemakethe yokuthengwa kwempahla, thuthukisa izinsiza zabahlinzeki, futhi andise uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngenkampani ngokusebenzisa imigudu eminingi.Ukuze kuzuzwe izinga elithile lokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla yebhizinisi, kufanele inake ngokugcwele uphenyo lwemakethe yokuthengwa kwempahla nokuqoqwa kanye nokuhlungwa kolwazi.Kungale ndlela kuphela singakwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele izimo zemakethe kanye nezitayela zamanani, futhi sizibeke esimweni esivumayo.
Okwesihlanu, ukunqanda inkohlakalo yokuthengwa kwempahla kunomthelela ekwehliseni kwezinkampani izindleko zokuthenga
Abanye abaphathi bezinkampani basho ngokungagwegwesi: “Ukuthenga inkohlakalo akunakwenzeka, futhi izinkampani eziningi azikwazi ukunqanda lo mgoqo.”Leli iqiniso lokuthi izisebenzi zokuthenga zithola i-yuan eyodwa kubahlinzeki, ngokungangabazeki kuzobiza ama-yuan ayishumi ezindlekweni zokuthenga.Ukuze sithole izixazululo zalolu hlobo lwenkinga, sidinga ukuthatha izinyathelo kulezi zici ezilandelayo: ukwakhiwa kwesibopho somsebenzi, ukukhethwa nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, isiyalo sokuthengwa kwempahla, ukwakhiwa kwesistimu yokuhlola ukusebenza kwabasebenzi, nokunye.
Ukuthenga ukwakhiwa kweposi kudinga ukumisa izikhala ezihlukene zesixhumanisi sokuthenga, ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokungagxili ngokweqile emandleni okuthenga, ukubambelana, ukugada nokusekelwa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kungaphazamisi umdlandla wabasebenzi endaweni ngayinye. okuthunyelwe.
Ukukhethwa kwabasebenzi, indlela yokukhetha yesikhundla ngasinye sabasebenzi bokuphatha ukuthengwa kwempahla kumele ibe nalezi zimfanelo eziphelele ezilandelayo: izinga elithile lamakhono omsebenzi nokuxhumana, ukuqwashisa ngezomthetho, ukuhlanzeka, njll., futhi uzame ukugwema izihlobo zabaphathi beminyango ekuthengeni impahla ekuthatheni ebhizinisini lokuthenga.
Amandla ochwepheshe akubandakanyi nje ukuqonda okuthile kwezimfanelo zezinto ezingavuthiwe ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, kodwa futhi nombono ocacile wenqubo yokuphathwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe;ikhwalithi ehlanzekile ibaluleke kakhulu ekuthengeni izisebenzi ezivame ukubhekana nemali, nakuba ukuphathwa kwangaphakathi Izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene zithathwe kusixhumanisi ngasinye, kodwa kubasebenzi abaphambili bokuthenga, kusengagwemeki ukuhlangabezana nezilingo ezihlukahlukene ezinikezwa abahlinzeki ngokuqhubekayo.Ukuvimbela kanjani ukubekwa kwezingibe ngemuva kwesilingo kudinga ukuthi abasebenzi bokuthenga impahla babe nobuqotho nobuqotho.Ukuqwashisa ngezomthetho nokunye.
Ukusungula isiyalo esiphelele somsebenzi womnyango wokuthenga, sicacise ukuthi izinqubo zokuthatha izinqumo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yokuthengwa kwempahla kufanele zicace, zibe sobala, futhi ziqondise futhi zibeke imingcele;ukulandela ngokuqinile izimiso zokusebenza "zokuhlelela kwangaphambili, ukulawula okuqinile ngesikhathi somcimbi, nokuhlaziya ngokucophelela kanye nesifinyezo ngemva kwalokho" ukuze kuqinisekiswe Ukuthenga nokuhlinzeka ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezingabizi nezinto ezihlangabezana nezidingo;
Ukuqalisa “abasebenzi abagcwele, inqubo egcwele, yonke indawo” yokuqondisa ukuthengwa kwempahla, futhi kuqedwe ngokuqinile ukukhwabanisa kwangasese, ukwamukela, izaphulelo, kanye nokuziphatha okuqondiswa kwezigwegwe, okungekho emthethweni, nobugebengu okulimaza izithakazelo zenkampani ohlelweni lokuthengwa kwempahla nokuhlinzeka, kanye izipho zomphakeli nemali yesipho engeke yenqatshwe , Kufanele idluliselwe enkampanini ngokushesha ukuze igcwaliswe;qeqesha abathengi ukuba bathande imisebenzi yabo, benze imisebenzi yabo, bathembeke enkampanini, babe nomthwalo wemfanelo enkampanini, bagcine izithakazelo zenkampani, bagcine izimfihlo zenkampani, futhi bavikele amalungelo empahla yengqondo.
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kokuthenga kanye nokwakhiwa kwesistimu yokusabalalisa amaholo Kubaluleke kakhulu emnyangweni ngamunye weposi nowokuthenga ukuhlola ukusebenza komsebenzi ngamunye wokuthenga.Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwethula nokwenza izindlela zokuphatha zesayensi, okungukuthi, izindinganiso zokuhlola ukusebenza, ezingakhuthaza ngokuqhubekayo ukuqhubeka kwazo zonke izixhumanisi zokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla.Thuthukisa, unikeze isiqiniseko nesikhuthazo emsebenzini ophumelelayo, futhi uzuze ngokunenhloso indawo yokusebenza lapho ukusebenza kukhuthaza ukuncishiswa kwezindleko.
Njengomqondisi wokuthenga, awenzi nje lezi zici ezinhlanu ezingenhla zomsebenzi wokuphatha ukuthenga, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, ukusungula isithombe esihle sabantu neminyango ohlelweni lokuthenga, thembeka enkampanini, uphathe abantu ngobuqotho, futhi ube nesandla esiqinile kwabangaphansi. , okuzogcina izindleko zokuthenga I-optimization ifanele umncintiswano wemakethe wamabhizinisi.
Iphakethe le-Shanghai rainbow Nikeza ukupakishwa kwezimonyo okukodwa.Uma uthanda imikhiqizo yethu, ungaxhumana nathi,
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-30-2021