Isingeniso: Inqubo yokukhiqizaimikhiqizo yepulasitikiikakhulukazi ihlanganisa izinqubo ezine ezibalulekile: ukwakheka kwesikhunta, ukwelashwa kwendawo, ukuphrinta, nokuhlanganisa. Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kuyingxenye ebalulekile ebalulekile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okubopha we-coating futhi unikeze isisekelo esihle se-conductive se-plating, inqubo yokwelashwa kwangaphambili ibalulekile.
Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki
Ikakhulukazi kuhlanganisa ukwelashwa enamathela kanye Plating ukwelashwa. Ngokuvamile, amapulasitiki anezinga elikhulu le-crystallinity, i-polarity encane noma engekho i-polarity, namandla aphansi angaphezulu, okuzothinta ukunamathela kokunamathela. Njengoba ipulasitiki iyisivikeli esingenayo i-conductive, ayikwazi ukugqitshwa ngokuqondile endaweni yepulasitiki ngokusho kwezinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-electroplating. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwelashwa okungaphezulu, ukunakekelwa kwangaphambili okudingekayo kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla okubopha we-coating futhi kunikeze isendlalelo esingaphansi esinamandla okubopha okuhle kokucwenga.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kokumboza
Ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuhlanganisa ukucoliswa kwendawo yepulasitiki, okungukuthi ukuhlanza uwoyela kanye ne-ejenti yokukhulula ngaphezulu, nokusebenzisa indawo yepulasitiki, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunamathela kokunamathela.
1. Ukwehlisa amafutha
Ukunciphisa amafuthaimikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Ngokufanayo nokunciphisa imikhiqizo yensimbi, ukuchithwa kwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki kungenziwa ngokuhlanza ngezincibilikisi zemvelo noma ukugcoba nge-alkaline izixazululo ezinamanzi aqukethe ama-surfactants. Ukukhipha amafutha ngezincibilikisi eziphilayo kulungele ukuhlanza upharafini, ingcina yezinyosi, amafutha nokunye ukungcola okuphilayo okuvela endaweni yepulasitiki. I-solvent esetshenziswayo esetshenziswayo akufanele incibilike, ivuvuke noma iqhekeze ipulasitiki, futhi inephuzu eliphansi lokubilisa, iyaguquguquka, ayinabuthi futhi ayishi. Izisombululo ezinamanzi ane-alkali zilungele ukuqeda amafutha epulasitiki amelana ne-alkali. Isixazululo siqukethe i-caustic soda, usawoti we-alkaline kanye nama-surfactants ahlukahlukene. I-surfactant esetshenziswa kakhulu uchungechunge lwe-OP, okungukuthi i-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, engakhi igwebu futhi engahlali endaweni yepulasitiki.
2. Ukusebenza komphezulu
Lokhu kuvula okokuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezingaphezulu zamapulasitiki, okungukuthi, ukukhiqiza amaqembu athile amhlophe endaweni yepulasitiki noma ukuyiqinisa ukuze okokunamathela kumanziswe kalula futhi kukhangiswe phezu kwendawo yokusebenza. Ziningi izindlela zokwelapha zokuvula indawo engaphezulu, njenge-chemical oxidation, i-flame oxidation, i-solvent vapor etching kanye ne-corona discharge oxidation. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu ukwelashwa kwe-crystal oxidation ngamakhemikhali, okuvamise ukusebenzisa uketshezi lokwelapha lwe-chromic acid, futhi ifomula yalo evamile ingu-4.5% we-potassium dichromate, amanzi angu-8.0%, kanye ne-87.5% ye-sulfuric acid egxilile (ngaphezu kuka-96%).
Eminye imikhiqizo yepulasitiki, efana ne-polystyrene namapulasitiki e-ABS, ingambozwa ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwe-oxidation ngamakhemikhali. Ukuze uthole ukunamathela kwekhwalithi ephezulu, ukwelashwa kwe-chemical oxidation kuyasetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokunciphisa, ipulasitiki ye-ABS ingabhalwa ngoketshezi lokwelapha lwe-chromic acid ehlanjululwe. Indlela yayo yokwelapha ejwayelekile ingu-420g/L i-chromic acid kanye ne-200ml/L sulfuric acid (i-gravity ethize 1.83). Inqubo ejwayelekile yokwelapha i-65℃70℃/5min10min, ukuwashwa ngamanzi, nokomisa. Inzuzo yokufaka uketshezi lokwelapha nge-chromic acid ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukwakheka komkhiqizo wepulasitiki kuyinkimbinkimbi kangakanani, ingelashwa ngokulinganayo. Ububi ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kuyingozi futhi kunezinkinga zokungcola.
Ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kwe-coating coating
Inhloso ye-pretreatment ye-coating coating ukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kwe-coating endaweni yepulasitiki futhi kwakhiwe ungqimba olungaphansi lwensimbi endaweni yepulasitiki. Inqubo yokwelapha ngaphambi kwesikhathi ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa: ukuhlungisa ngomshini, ukucoliswa kwamakhemikhali, ukuhlungisa kwamakhemikhali, ukwelashwa kokuzwela, ukwelashwa kokwenza kusebenze, ukwelashwa kokunciphisa kanye nokucwecwa ngamakhemikhali. Izinto ezintathu zokuqala ziwukuthuthukisa ukunamathela kokunamathela, futhi izinto ezine zokugcina ukwakha ungqimba olungaphansi lwensimbi.
1, Ukwenziwa roughening ngomshini kanye roughening amakhemikhali
Ukulungiswa kwemishini kanye nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ukwenza ingaphezulu lepulasitiki libe lukhuni ngokusebenzisa izindlela zemishini nezindlela zamakhemikhali ngokulandelanayo ukuze kwandiswe indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwento enamathelayo kanye ne-substrate. Ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi amandla okubopha angafinyelelwa ngokusebenza kanzima acishe abe yi-10% kuphela yalawo amakhemikhali.
2. Ukwehliswa kwamakhemikhali
Indlela yokwehlisa amafutha yokulungiswa kwangaphambili kokunameka kwangaphezulu kwepulasitiki iyafana nendlela yokugcoba yokwelashwa kwangaphambili kokunameka.
3, Ukuzwela
Ukuzwela kuwukukhangisa ezinye izinto ezine-oxidized kalula, njenge-tin dichloride, i-titanium trichloride, njll., phezu kwamapulasitiki anamandla athile okukhangisa. Lezi zinto ezikhangisiwe ezine-oxidized kalula zifakwa i-oxidized ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kokwenza kusebenze, futhi isivusi sincishiswa sibe yi-catalytic crystal nuclei futhi sihlala phezu komkhiqizo. Iqhaza lokuzwela ukubeka isisekelo sesendlalelo sensimbi sokucwenga ngamakhemikhali esilandelayo.
4. Ukwenza kusebenze
Ukwenza kusebenze ukwelapha indawo ezwelayo ngosizo lwesixazululo sezinhlanganisela zensimbi ezisebenzayo. Ingqikithi yawo iwukucwilisa umkhiqizo okhangiswa nge-ejenti enciphisayo esixazululweni esinamanzi esiqukethe i-oxidant yosawoti wensimbi eyigugu, ukuze ama-ion ensimbi ayigugu anciphe nge-S2+n njenge-oxidant, futhi insimbi eyigugu encishisiwe ifakwe endaweni. ubuso bomkhiqizo ngesimo sezinhlayiya ze-colloidal, ezinomsebenzi oqinile we-catalytic. Lapho le ndawo icwiliswa kusixazululo se-chemical plateing, lezi zinhlayiya ziba izikhungo ezisizayo, ezisheshisa izinga lokusabela lokucwecwa kwamakhemikhali.
5. Ukwelashwa kokunciphisa
Ngaphambi kokufakwa kwamakhemikhali, imikhiqizo eyenziwe yasebenza futhi yawashwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile icwiliswa ekuhlanganiseni okuthile kwesisombululo se-ejenti sokunciphisa esisetshenziswa ekufakweni kwamakhemikhali ukunciphisa nokususa isiqalisi esingageziwe. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa kokunciphisa. Lapho ithusi lamakhemikhali lifakwa, isisombululo se-formaldehyde sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokunciphisa, futhi lapho i-nickel yamakhemikhali ifakwe, isisombululo se-sodium hypophosphite sisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokunciphisa.
6. I-Chemical Plating
Inhloso yokucwenga ngamakhemikhali ukwenza ifilimu yensimbi eqhubayo ebusweni bemikhiqizo yepulasitiki ukuze kwakheke izimo zokufaka i-electroplating ungqimba lwensimbi lwemikhiqizo yepulasitiki. Ngakho-ke, ukufakwa kwamakhemikhali kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ku-electroplating yepulasitiki.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-13-2024