Izinto zokupakisha zezimonyo ikakhulukazi ipulasitiki, ingilazi nephepha. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ukucubungula nokugcinwa kwamapulasitiki, ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene zangaphandle ezifana nokukhanya, umoya-mpilo, ukushisa, imisebe, iphunga, imvula, isikhunta, amagciwane, njll., isakhiwo samakhemikhali sepulasitiki siyabhujiswa, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwabo. izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zangempela. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sibizwa ngokuthi ukuguga. Ukubonakaliswa okuyinhloko kokuguga kwepulasitiki ukuguquguquka kwemibala, izinguquko zezakhiwo zomzimba, izinguquko ezicini zemishini kanye nezinguquko zezakhiwo zikagesi.
1. Isendlalelo sokuguga kwepulasitiki
Ezimpilweni zethu, eminye imikhiqizo ivezwa ngokungenakugwenywa ekukhanyeni, futhi ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ekukhanyeni kwelanga, okuhambisana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, imvula namazolo, kuzokwenza umkhiqizo ube nezimo zokuguga ezinjengokuphelelwa amandla, ukuqhekeka, ukuxebuka, ubuthuntu, ukushintsha kombala, kanye impushana. Ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nomswakama yizona zinto ezibangela ukuguga kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukukhanya kwelanga kungenza izinto eziningi zonakaliswe, okuhlobene nokuzwela kanye nobubanzi bezinto. Into ngayinye iphendula ngendlela ehlukile ku-spectrum.
Izici ezivame kakhulu zokuguga zamapulasitiki endaweni yemvelo ukushisa nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ngoba indawo lapho izinto zepulasitiki ezivezwa khona kakhulu ukushisa nokukhanya kwelanga (ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet). Ukutadisha ukuguga kwamapulasitiki okubangelwa yilezi zinhlobo ezimbili zendawo kubaluleke kakhulu endaweni yangempela yokusetshenziswa. Ukuhlolwa kwayo kokuguga kungahle kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: ukuchayeka ngaphandle kanye nokuhlolwa kokuguga okusheshisa elabhorethri.
Ngaphambi kokuthi umkhiqizo usetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kokuguga okuncane ukuze kuhlolwe ukumelana kwawo nokuguga. Nokho, ukuguga okungokwemvelo kungase kuthathe iminyaka eminingana noma ngisho nangaphezulu ukubona imiphumela, okusobala ukuthi ayihambisani nokukhiqizwa kwangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zezulu ezindaweni ezahlukene zihlukile. Into efanayo yokuhlola idinga ukuhlolwa ezindaweni ezihlukene, okwandisa kakhulu izindleko zokuhlola.
2. Ukuhlolwa kokuchayeka kwangaphandle
Ukuchayeka ngaphandle kubhekise ekuchayekeni okuqondile elangeni nezinye izimo zezulu. Kuyindlela eqondile kakhulu yokuhlola ukumelana nesimo sezulu sezinto zepulasitiki.
Izinzuzo:
Izindleko eziphelele eziphansi
Ukuvumelana okuhle
Simple futhi kulula ukusebenza
Ububi:
Ngokuvamile umjikelezo omude kakhulu
Ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele
Amasampula ahlukene anozwela oluhlukene ezindaweni ezihlukene zesimo sezulu
3. Indlela yokuhlola ukuguga esheshisiwe ilabhorethri
Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kokukhanya kwelabhorethri akukwazi nje ukufinyeza umjikelezo, kodwa futhi kunokuphindaphinda okuhle kanye nobubanzi besicelo esibanzi. Iqedwa elabhorethri kuyo yonke inqubo, ngaphandle kokucabangela imingcele yendawo, futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa futhi inokulawuleka okuqinile. Ukulingisa indawo yokukhanyisa yangempela nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuguga ezisheshisiwe zokwenziwa kungafeza injongo yokuhlola ukusebenza kwempahla ngokushesha. Izindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo ukuhlolwa kokuguga kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwesibani se-xenon kanye nokuguga kokukhanya kwe-carbon arc.
1. Indlela yokuhlola yokuguga ekhanyayo ye-Xenon
Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwesibani se-Xenon kuyisivivinyo esilingisa ukukhanya kwelanga okugcwele. Isivivinyo sokuguga sesibani se-Xenon singalingisa isimo sezulu sokwenziwa semvelo ngesikhathi esifushane. Kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuhlola amafomula nokuthuthukisa ukwakheka komkhiqizo ohlelweni locwaningo lwesayensi nokukhiqizwa, futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Idatha yokuhlola ukuguga kwesibani se-Xenon ingasiza ukukhetha izinto ezintsha, ukuguqula izinto ezikhona, futhi ihlole ukuthi izinguquko kumafomula zikuthinta kanjani ukuqina kwemikhiqizo.
Isimiso esiyisisekelo: Igumbi lokuhlola ilambu le-xenon lisebenzisa amalambu e-xenon ukulingisa imiphumela yokukhanya kwelanga, futhi lisebenzisa umswakama ojiyile ukuze lilingise imvula namazolo. Impahla ehloliwe ifakwa kumjikelezo wokukhanya okushintshanayo kanye nomswakama ezingeni lokushisa elithile ukuze kuhlolwe, futhi ingakhiqiza kabusha izingozi ezenzeka ngaphandle izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa noma amaviki.
Isicelo sokuhlola:
Ingahlinzeka ngokulingiswa kwemvelo okuhambisanayo kanye nokuhlolwa okusheshisiwe kocwaningo lwesayensi, ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.
Ingasetshenziselwa ukukhethwa kwezinto ezintsha, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezikhona noma ukuhlola ukuqina ngemva kwezinguquko ekubunjweni kwempahla.
Ingakwazi ukulingisa kahle izinguquko ezibangelwa izinto ezivezwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo.
2. Indlela yokuhlola ukuguga kokukhanya kwe-UV fluorescent
Ukuhlolwa kokuguga kwe-UV kulingisa umphumela wokuwohloka wokukhanya kwe-UV ekukhanyeni kwelanga emkhiqizweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingaphinda ikhiqize umonakalo obangelwa imvula namazolo. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngokudalula okokusebenza okuzohlolwa kumjikelezo osebenzisanayo olawulwayo wokukhanya kwelanga nomswakamo ngenkathi kunyuswa izinga lokushisa. Amalambu e-Ultraviolet fluorescent asetshenziselwa ukulingisa ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi umthelela womswakamo nawo ungalingiswa ngokujiya noma ngokufafazwa.
Isibani se-UV se-fluorescent yisibani semercury esinengcindezi ephansi enobude obungamaza angama-254nm. Ngenxa yokwengezwa kokuhlalisana kwe-phosphorus ukuze iguqulwe ibe ubude begagasi ende, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla kwesibani se-UV esine-fluorescent kuncike ku-spectrum ekhishwayo ekhiqizwa ukuphilisana kwe-phosphorus kanye nokusabalalisa kweshubhu lengilazi. Amalambu e-Fluorescent ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa abe i-UVA ne-UVB. Isicelo sokuchayeka esibonakalayo sinquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesibani se-UV okufanele sisetshenziswe.
3. Indlela yokuhlola ukuguga yesibani se-Carbon arc
Isibani se-Carbon arc ubuchwepheshe obudala. Insimbi ye-Carbon arc ekuqaleni yayisetshenziswa osokhemisi bodayi bokwenziwa baseJalimane ukuhlola ukushesha kokukhanya kwezindwangu ezidayiwe. Amalambu e-carbon arc ahlukaniswe abe amalambu e-carbon arc avaliwe futhi avulekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo luni lwesibani se-carbon arc, i-spectrum yaso ihluke kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ngenxa yomlando omude walobu buchwepheshe bephrojekthi, ubuchwepheshe bokuqala bokuguga bokulinganisa ukukhanya busebenzise le mishini, ngakho-ke le ndlela isengabonakala emazingeni angaphambili, ikakhulukazi ezindinganisweni zakuqala zaseJapan, lapho ubuchwepheshe besibani se-carbon arc babuvame ukusetshenziswa njengokukhanya kokwenziwa. indlela yokuhlola ukuguga.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-20-2024